1. Scarcely ___ the panel ___ the full ramifications of the ruling when fresh evidence surfaced.

did … apprehend

had … been apprehending

had … apprehended

had … apprehend

2. Only after the manuscript ___ peer review ___ the author concede that substantial revisions were warranted.

underwent … did

had undergone … would

was undergoing … did

had undergone … had

3. Had it not been for the subsidy, the start‑up ___ long ago and the talent it attracted ___ dispersed worldwide.

would fold … had

would have folded … had

folded … would

would have folded … would have

4. No sooner ___ the data ___ inconsistent than the research team halted the trial.

did … prove

had … proved

had … been proving

was … proving

5. Not until the summit talks collapsed ___ investors fully ___ the fragility of the accord.

was … to grasp

had … been grasping

did … grasp

were … grasping

6. Little ___ by the spokesperson’s assurances, the audience ___ the credibility of the entire report.

persuaded … query

persuaded … were querying

having been persuaded … had queried

being persuaded … queried

7. Were the legislation to pass, freelancers ___ liable for taxes that hitherto ___ their clients’ responsibility.

would become … had been

became … have been

will have become … were

would have become … are

8. Hardly ___ the verdict ___ than a chorus of dissent erupted across social media.

was … delivered

had … been delivered

had … been delivering

has … delivered

9. Select the sentence exhibiting correct subject‑verb concord and appropriate register.

The criteria for promotion, as outlined by management, has been revised.

The committee, in addition to the external consultant, were unanimous.

The data appear to substantiate the initial hypothesis.

Neither the CEO nor the shareholders are content with the projections.

10. Choose the option that best paraphrases the underlined segment without altering the meaning:“The proposal was tantamount to a tacit admission of guilt.”

virtually an implicit confession

openly analogous to innocence

superficially similar to reluctance

overtly indicative of compliance

11. The columnist’s review was so ___ and ___ that even the author conceded its critical acuity.Until next month, all existing procedures ___ in place.

vitriolic … tenuous

garrulous … pellucid

prolix … fervent

trenchant … perspicacious

12. The witness recounted the events with remarkable ___, leaving the jury in no doubt as to her credibility.

verisimilitude

veracity

voracity

verbosity

13. The author of the passage would most likely agree that cultural hybrids are acceptable when…

In contemporary debates on cultural appropriation, the boundary between homage and exploitation is notoriously porous. While critics decry the commodification of marginalised aesthetics, proponents argue that cultural hybridity fuels artistic ingenuity.
‍
Yet this dialectic often overlooks the asymmetry of power — an omission that, according to sociologist Maya Fernández, forecloses any equitable resolution. Fernández posits that the yardstick for ethical borrowing should hinge not on intent but on impact, urging creators to account for both the material and symbolic capital garnered from their adaptations.

Her essay further interrogates the neoliberal premise that the market will organically reward authenticity; she counters that, in practice, gatekeepers frequently valorise palatable pastiche over genuine dissent.

Ultimately, the author advocates a paradigm in which collaborative authorship supplants unilateral appropriation, thereby recalibrating the distribution of cultural dividends.

the originating culture receives proportional benefits.

no commercial gain is involved.

homage outweighs exploitation.

market forces validate authenticity.

14. The word “forecloses” in line 3 is closest in meaning to…

In contemporary debates on cultural appropriation, the boundary between homage and exploitation is notoriously porous. While critics decry the commodification of marginalised aesthetics, proponents argue that cultural hybridity fuels artistic ingenuity.
‍
Yet this dialectic often overlooks the asymmetry of power — an omission that, according to sociologist Maya Fernández, forecloses any equitable resolution. Fernández posits that the yardstick for ethical borrowing should hinge not on intent but on impact, urging creators to account for both the material and symbolic capital garnered from their adaptations.

Her essay further interrogates the neoliberal premise that the market will organically reward authenticity; she counters that, in practice, gatekeepers frequently valorise palatable pastiche over genuine dissent.

Ultimately, the author advocates a paradigm in which collaborative authorship supplants unilateral appropriation, thereby recalibrating the distribution of cultural dividends.

anticipates.

draws attention to.

postpones.

eliminates the possibility of.

15. Which of the following best describes Fernández’s stance toward neoliberal market logic?

In contemporary debates on cultural appropriation, the boundary between homage and exploitation is notoriously porous. While critics decry the commodification of marginalised aesthetics, proponents argue that cultural hybridity fuels artistic ingenuity.
‍
Yet this dialectic often overlooks the asymmetry of power — an omission that, according to sociologist Maya Fernández, forecloses any equitable resolution. Fernández posits that the yardstick for ethical borrowing should hinge not on intent but on impact, urging creators to account for both the material and symbolic capital garnered from their adaptations.

Her essay further interrogates the neoliberal premise that the market will organically reward authenticity; she counters that, in practice, gatekeepers frequently valorise palatable pastiche over genuine dissent.

Ultimately, the author advocates a paradigm in which collaborative authorship supplants unilateral appropriation, thereby recalibrating the distribution of cultural dividends.

She believes it naturally rewards authentic voices.

She considers it indifferent to questions of authenticity.

She contends it tends to privilege diluted versions of original works.

She accepts it as an unavoidable reality.

16. In the passage, “gatekeepers” are portrayed as those who…

In contemporary debates on cultural appropriation, the boundary between homage and exploitation is notoriously porous. While critics decry the commodification of marginalised aesthetics, proponents argue that cultural hybridity fuels artistic ingenuity.
‍
Yet this dialectic often overlooks the asymmetry of power — an omission that, according to sociologist Maya Fernández, forecloses any equitable resolution. Fernández posits that the yardstick for ethical borrowing should hinge not on intent but on impact, urging creators to account for both the material and symbolic capital garnered from their adaptations.

Her essay further interrogates the neoliberal premise that the market will organically reward authenticity; she counters that, in practice, gatekeepers frequently valorise palatable pastiche over genuine dissent.

Ultimately, the author advocates a paradigm in which collaborative authorship supplants unilateral appropriation, thereby recalibrating the distribution of cultural dividends.

defend marginalised aesthetics from exploitation.

shape cultural value in ways that may disadvantage authentic voices.

prefer unfiltered dissent over pastiche.

curate content based solely on aesthetic merit.

17. The primary purpose of the passage is to…

In contemporary debates on cultural appropriation, the boundary between homage and exploitation is notoriously porous. While critics decry the commodification of marginalised aesthetics, proponents argue that cultural hybridity fuels artistic ingenuity.
‍
Yet this dialectic often overlooks the asymmetry of power — an omission that, according to sociologist Maya Fernández, forecloses any equitable resolution. Fernández posits that the yardstick for ethical borrowing should hinge not on intent but on impact, urging creators to account for both the material and symbolic capital garnered from their adaptations.

Her essay further interrogates the neoliberal premise that the market will organically reward authenticity; she counters that, in practice, gatekeepers frequently valorise palatable pastiche over genuine dissent.

Ultimately, the author advocates a paradigm in which collaborative authorship supplants unilateral appropriation, thereby recalibrating the distribution of cultural dividends.

propose a new legal framework for intellectual‑property rights.

defend cultural appropriation as a driver of innovation.

celebrate the rise of collaborative authorship in contemporary art.

critique existing discussions on cultural appropriation and suggest a power‑sensitive alternative.

18. According to Analyst 1, the most immediate risk of the sanctions is…

liquidity constraints in derivative markets.

bottlenecks in ancillary supply chains.

deferred turbulence in Q4.

an overestimation of price volatility.

19. Analyst 2 suggests that derivative markets might…

offset the shock temporarily.

compound the initial shock.

eliminate liquidity constraints entirely.

trigger turbulence in Q2 instead.

20. Both analysts agree that an effective hedging strategy should be…

aggressive and immediate.

avoided until Q4.

staggered and aligned with earnings cycles.

focused exclusively on core commodities.

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